William Shakespeare s Othello Race And Performance

PAGE 1 Pass Ilari Pass ENGL 400 Seminar: Literature and Ethics Hood 7 November 2014 Barbary Horse: Race and Performance in Othello Ethics never went out of fashion in philosophy. It did, however, in literary studies. In Critical Terms for Literary Study, Geoffrey Galt Harpham asks, ?What is ethics? The answers to this simple inquiry are complexity itself, for they take us straight to the decentered center of ethics, its concern for ?the other (394). According to Harpham, ?Ethics does not solve problems, it structures them? (404). Ethics, he argues further, helps humans to articulate and negotiate questions of moral law and the human other. Shakespeare?s Othello serves as a brilliant example of how literature explores such questions. The essays and texts that will be discussed here can help readers articulate and negotiate those questions?both in Othello and in the world. The characters in Shakespeare?s play use language to ?other? Othello. Examining that language?and interrogating the way black actors playing Othello have been treated?helps a reader to consider the ethical dilemma of race and language. In an essay titled ?Shakespeare?s Othello: Sinned Against or Sinning Anthony Bisti writes, ?William Shakespeare was responsible for creating some of the most time-honored characters in all of literature,? including Othello (Bisti 1). Bisti explains further that Shakespeare?s characters have had a profound effect on us as readers, leavingShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sax s Film Othello 1457 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Sax s advanced retelling of William Shakespeare s Othello can control Shakespeare s unique ideas in spite of the time period and connection in which both writings happen, while investigating the all inclusive topics of prejudice, misogyny and force. Shakespeare s play reflects conventional Elizabethan connections and qualities in its investigation of such ideas amidst a catastrophe impelled on by misleading and desirously (Aebischer 12). On the other hand, Geoffrey Sax s 2001 representationRead MoreDifferences Between Film And Othello1503 Words   |  7 PagesThrou ghout the years the play Othello by William Shakespeare has been adapted both on the screen and on stage many times. The questions or race and racism that have quite often been a point of discussion with William Shakespeare’s play Othello can be seen through the bard, however some may argue that Othello’s skin colour was purely a plot device. This paper will look at two film that have been re-made since the 1960’s, which provides an analysis of the concept of race and how political ideas and eventsRead MoreOthello As Symbol Of The White Upper Class919 Words   |  4 PagesDesdemona becomes a symbol of the white upper class to Othello. In this sense, by killing Desdemona he is revenging the power the white society exercises over him. Shakespeare writes: OTHELLO It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul – Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars: It is the cause. Yet I ll not shed her blood, Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow And smooth as monumental alabaster – Yet she must die, else she ll betray more men. Put out the light, and then put out the lightRead MoreOthello As A Powerful General Of The Venetian Army1991 Words   |  8 PagesVenetian army, Othello, whose life and marriage are ruined by a conniving, deceitful, and envious soldier, Iago. The literary work of Othello focuses on themes such as the dangers of jealousy, race, and manipulation. Iago is Othello s ambitious ensign. Othello promotes Michael Cassio to the position of personal lieutenant and Iago is deadly jealous. Iago begins an evil and malicious campaign against the hero. Othello elopes with Desdemona but Iago starts to plot against them. Othello becomes jealousRead MoreIra Aldridge By Lolita Chakrabarti1348 Words   |  6 PagesIra Aldridge is not a â€Å"house hold name† in the Theatre committee, but it should be. A native New Yorker who moved to England when he was in his late teens, Ira achieved immense fame in mid-1800’s Europe, mesmerizing people of all nationalities with his renditions of Shakesp eare. Since his death he has become rather obscure, although a dramatization of his life, by Lolita Chakrabarti, is making its way into theatrical seasons across Europe and the USA. Ira Aldridge is a man who undermined the racialRead MoreRace in Five Film Versions of Shakespeares Othello Essay example4150 Words   |  17 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello is only moderately interested in questions of race and racism. For Shakespeare, Othellos blackness was mainly a plot device. Though the bard did demonstrate concerns about racial and religious prejudice, in Othello and The Merchant of Venice, his interest in the tragedy of the Moor was principally psychological. For Shakespeare and his contemporary audience, Othello was about jealousy, hatred, and vindictiveness. The play has aged well, as have all ShakespearesRead MoreJames Earl Jones: a Voice in the Crowd2904 Words   |  12 Pages March 19, 1996 People all around the world know the voice of James Earl Jones. From Star Wars fans listening to the voice of Darth Vader to news junkies who hear a voice that dramatically intones AThis is CNN@ just before all the cable network= s station breaks to children who hear the stately voice of the majestic Mufasa, the king of the jungle in Walt Disney Pictures= animated The Lion King - people know this deep harmonious voice belongs to this consummate actor of stage and screen. JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Merchant Of Venice 1918 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Analysis of T he Merchant of Venice Jordan Thomas Mullineaux-Davis William Shakespeare has regularly throughout time been referred to and could be viewed as anti-Semitic because of the cultural implications within many of his plays. A particularly strong example of this could be The Merchant of Venice. This essay will explore arguments of post-colonialism within The Merchant of Venice, discussing the pertinent issues of anti-semitism, racial isolation and prejudice. It will also commentRead MoreLena Horne9265 Words   |  38 Pagesblacks could perform, but not be admitted as customers; by 1969, when she acted in the film Death of a Gunfighter, her characters marriage to a white man went unremarked in the script. Horne herself was a pivotal figure in the changing attitudes about race in the 20th century; her middle-class upbringing and musical training predisposed her to the popular music of her day, rather than the blues and jazz genres more commonly associated with African-Americans, and her photogenic looks were sufficientlyRead MoreLangston Hugh es Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesthat awakened his heart with a love-fire sharp like pain. On June 6, 1920, Hughes and 126 classmates marched down the aisle of Central High School to receive their diplomas. In a letter to Langston, a favorite teacher commended his academic performance at Central High, but questioned whether his easy-going attitude would carry him through the grim realities of life, where manhood is tested. Langston Hughes soon discovered what his teacher meant by grim realities. Adrift on the Big Sea of

Galileo - 1646 Words

Pueblo Community College Galileo Life after punishment Joe Davalos History 102 Western Civilization II Mr. Richard L. Rollins May 1, 2014 Joseph Davalos Mr. Richard Rollins History 102 Western Civilization II April 10, 2014 Galileo: life after punishment Galileo Galilei, born February 15, 1564 was a mathematics professor a scientist, astronomer and physisist. He attended the University of Pisa to study medicine in 1583. He was fascinated with many subjects, particularly mathematics and physics. During his studies at Pisa he was exposed to the Aristotelian view. In 1585, due to financial difficulties Galileo left the university before earning his degree. Galileo continued to study mathematics, supporting†¦show more content†¦However, Galileo did begin to mount a body of evidence that supported Copernican theory and contradicted Aristotle and Church doctrine. In 1612, he published his Discourse on Bodies in Water, this refuted the Aristotelian explanation of why objects float in water, he said it wasn’t because of their flat shape but the weight of the object in relation to the water it displaced. In 1613 He published his observations of sunspots, which further refuted Aristotelian doctri ne that the sun was perfect. According to biography.com, this same year, Galileo wrote a letter o a student to explain how Copernican theory did not contradict Biblical passages, stating that scripture was written from an earthly perspective and implied that science provided a different, more accurate perspective. The letter was made public and Church Inquisition consultants pronounced Copernican theory heretical. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, hearing that some had denounced his doctrine as anti-Scriptural, Galileo presented himself at Rome in December, 1615, and was courteously received. He was presently interrogated before the Inquisition, which after consultation declared the system he upheld to be scientifically false, and anti-Scriptural or heretical, and that he must renounce it. This he obediently did, promising to teach it no more. Then followed a decree of the Congregation of the Index dated 5Show MoreRelatedGalileo1113 Words   |  5 PagesGalileo Galilei Galileo Galilei was considered the central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His role in the history of science was a critical one. He revolutionized the way in which science was conducted, and performed experiments to test his ideas, which led him to be regarded as the father of experimental science. Galileo was born on February 15th, 1564 in Pisa, and was the oldest of seven children. His father, Vincenzo Galilei was a famous composer, lutenist, and musicRead MoreThe Life of Galileo1545 Words   |  7 Pagesand in doing so, embark on a quest to find their true identity and place in life. One must realize that the common theme in all literature is the search for identity and belonging. Bertolt Brecht, author of The Life of Galileo, effectively uses the developing character Galileo Galilei to portray a strong message; a message which five hundred years after the fact has still not been completely comprehended. Through Galileos continuous battle with the Chu rch in prevailing his work, Brecht is tellingRead More Galileo Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pages Galileo nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the early seventeenth century, Galileo Galilei began the construction of a device that would transform the scientific world. Galileo did not invent the telescope but his improvements on it made him the most scientifically successful user of this instrument in his time. However, Galileo would not stop at scientific discovery. The father of three successfully marketed the improved instrument to the Senate of Venice andRead MoreGalileo Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesand fundamentals were of the outside world, aka space, the planet and the stars, motion, and physics. One of the best minds of this time was, of course, Galileo Galilei. This great astronomer was a marvel at his work, he introduced controversial concepts that the church did not accept but those that he believed were to be true. Written by Galileo himself, this letter to the Grand Duchess professed his great discoveries and how they changed old ideas and thinking but received much criticism in theR ead More Galileo Galilei Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesGalileo Galilei Galileo was born in Pisa along the Via del Cuore in 1564 to Vincenzo Galileo, a man known for his study of music, and Giuli Ammananti. When Galileo was ten he moved to Florance.1 At eleven young Galileo was sent to Vallombrosa for school. At fifteen Galileo decided to be a monk, but because of his father gave up his ambition. In the late summer of 1581 Galileo entered the University of Pisa and embarked on a course of study in medicine. Studying the Aristotelian system, whichRead MoreGalileo And The Scientific Revolution1549 Words   |  7 Pages Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotatedRead MoreEssay On Galileo Galilei1495 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1556 in Pisa Italy, Tuscany in 1564, the son of Florentine musician Vincenzio Galilei. Actually, Vincenzio was a revolutionary musician—he felt the formal church music that then dominated the scene had become sterile, and that classic Greek poetry and myths had a power the church music lacked, that perhaps could be translated into modern music. He attempted some of this, and his work began the development that culminated in Italian opera. His mother GiuliaRead MoreThe Trial Of Galileo Galilei1882 Words   |  8 Pagestimes even lent evidence to support each other as being true. However, this all changed after the trial of Galileo Galilei in 1633. Galileo was put on trial by the Catholic Church for his heliocentric theory, which the Church declared as b eing contradictory to the truth of the geocentric theory as spoken by Ptolemy and the Bible. Despite the scientific observations and evidence presented by Galileo in support of the heliocentric theory, the Church struck it down because it contradicted their own evidenceRead MoreThe Life of Galileo Galilei 609 Words   |  2 Pages Galileo Galilei is considered one of the greatest scientists of all time. He was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who very strongly supported Copernicanism, which is the idea that the earth orbits the sun. It was hard to advocate Copernicanism because it was a very controversial idea during that time. Galileo was a leader in the Scientific Revolution. He made discoveries in the sciences of motion, astronomy, and strength of materials. In motion, his famous scientificRead MoreThe Success and Intentions of Galileo Essay733 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Galileo has been depicted variously as a cynical opportunist, patient genius o r lucky engineer, and dies a coward or a modern Socrates.† I agree that he is a patient genius, and lucky engineer, but I do not agree that he is a cynical opportunist, coward or a modern Socrates. Galileo was a mathematician and a natural philosopher, who converted Copernicanism, which states that the earth revolved around the sun, into philosophy and the world’s true nature. By introducing new knowledge and using science

Susan Munroe - ThoughtCo

Funding Energy Infrastructure Funding - 1549 Words

Funding Energy Infrastructure Funding TSD nationally presents significant challenges due to the diverse types of infrastructure, geographic distribution, and variety of owners/operators. i. Petroleum Funding transportation infrastructure that supports petroleum requires leveraging funding from the Federal government as the primary revenue source due to its geographic dispersal across the nation. A multi-tiered approach must be taken to ensure that infrastructure is properly identified and prioritized for funding; the Federal government needs to set the foundation for infrastructure investment through tax revenues, tax incentives, and policy, while incorporating expertise from State, Local, and private sector partnerships. Public-private partnerships are key in establishing national policy to fund the revitalization of petroleum infrastructure, especially considering that the infrastructure is largely owned by the private sector. The risk-adverse nature of the sector and the current market environment lacks incentive for significant private sector investment. To counteract this behavior, government partnerships can aid the private sector in reducing economic risk through loans, grants, and tax breaks. Government funding through grants and loans is particularly important given the low profit margins in U.S. petroleum in the current market. Many infrastructure revitalization and replacement plans have high upfront costs that are often too high a risk for the privateShow MoreRelatedSeeking A Solution For Indonesia s Infrastructure Gap Essay950 Words   |  4 PagesIndonesia’s infrastructure gap After the 1998 crisis, Indonesia’s economy is known to be quite resilient with a persistent positive economic growth. However, Indonesia is still suffering from an infrastructure gap. Underinvestment in infrastructure, mainly in transportation has left the country with huge burden of logistic cost for the people. Under the current Joko â€Å"Jokowi† Widodo administration, Indonesia is now focusing on gaining back fiscal space to provide more funding for its infrastructure. InRead MoreThe Importance Of Climate Leadership Plan1361 Words   |  6 PagesHow does this request align with the Climate Leadership Plan objectives (e.g., Government’s internal Green Infrastructure Strategic Framework)? †¢ Providing envelope funding for innovative sustainable outcomes of new build and retrofit projects aligns with the primary outcomes of the Green Infrastructure Fund and supports the overall priorities of the Alberta Climate Leadership Plan, including: o measurable reductions in or avoidance of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions (current estimates based on installingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Country Of Egypt1260 Words   |  6 Pages [TITLE OPTIONS] FRACTURED NATIONS / SEVERED PIPES / CRUMBLING ROADS: THE PATH TO REPAIRING AFRICA’S FAILED INFRASTRUCTURE Will Minnis World Cultures - Period D May 6, 2016 In the continent of Africa, access to solid infrastructure is variable. In the country of Egypt, access to sanitized, drinkable water is available to 99% of the population, 92% of the roads are paved, and children go to school for an average of 14 years. 1,375 miles south in Ethiopia, however, the numbers plummetRead MoreEnvironmental Waste And Its Effects On Carbon Emissions1685 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch pollution, but rewarding companies for producing much less. In this way, the market for carbon emissions will eventually disappear and naturally profit-seeking companies will aim to pursue activities, hunt for new strategies, and invest in infrastructure and equipment that result in lower carbon emissions. Beyond the simple reward proposition, however, greener policies often result in higher long term profitability for companies nonetheless. Environmental waste is often the best proxy for identifyingRead MoreFunctions Of The IAEAProgrammes And Services1737 Words   |  7 PagesReactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), which was created in 2000 to avail member states of nuclear energy technology to fulfill worldwide energy needs and to make use of such resources through the end of the 21st century. The INPRO project is a membership collaboration to develop nuclear reactor innovation, fuel cycles for power reactors and institutional methods to promote the long-term use of nuclear energy in sustainable and effective forms. Other current programmes under the IAEA include; a ProgrammeRead MoreA Swot Analysis : A Pestel Analysis1072 Words   |  5 Pagesin the tax level would most likely reduce funding for the University League tables Reputational harm Changes to government policy This may put the public funding at risk. General public pressures Danger of not meeting the public expectation Terrorism threat The fear of terrorism including counter terrorism schemes may deter some international students from attending Arden ECONOMIC ELEMENT FACTOR EFFECT ON ARDEN UNIVERSITY Availability of funding Previous government policy has allowed UniversitiesRead MoreAmerican Society Of Civil Engineers1121 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance of the U.S.’s infrastructure in the familiar form of a school report card by assigning letter grades to each type of infrastructure. The ASCE defines infrastructures as basic physical and organizational structure needed for the operation of a society or enterprise, or the services and facilities necessary for an economy to function . It is shameful that the overall grade that the country’s infrastructure by the ASCE is D+ (meaning that, on average, the infrastructure throughout the countryRead MoreIndonesia s Infrastructure Gap : Indonesia Essay2321 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Infrastructure is a high priority in the pursuit of positive economic growth for Indonesia. If not well-looked after, underinvestment in infrastructure can create a significant burden on logistic costs. Fortunately, Indonesia is now realizing that the need of bettering the infrastructure is paramount. Regarding its tight fiscal space, Indonesia is now searching for development funds to bridge its infrastructure funding gap. This project report discusses some Indonesia’s potential policyRead MoreBridging Indonesia s Infrastructure Funding Gap Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesIndonesia’s Infrastructure Funding Gap Introduction Infrastructure is high priority in the pursuit of positive economic growth for any developing countries. If not well-looked after, it can creates a significant burden on logistic costs. Fortunately, some countries including Indonesia are now realizing that the need of bettering infrastructure is paramount. Unfortunately, regarding its tight fiscal space, Indonesia is now searching for development funds to bridge its infrastructure funding gap. ThisRead MoreIssues Faced By Indigenous Peoples1396 Words   |  6 PagesIssues Facing Indigenous Peoples in Canada The Department has a mandate to support Indigenous peoples in their pursuit of healthy and sustainable communities and broader economic and social development objectives. It provides funding for programs, services and initiatives to First Nations, Inuit and northern communities and governments, as well as to Indigenous and Metis organizations. The Departmental priorities are aligned with the issues that are most important to Indigenous peoples. The following

Essay about Post 9/11 Racial Profiling of Muslim Americans

For a second, the U.S. stood still. Looking up at the towers, one can only imagine the calm before the storm in the moment when thousands of pounds of steel went hurdling into its once smooth, glassy frame. People ran around screaming and rubble fell as the massive metal structure folded in on itself like an accordion. Wounded and limping from the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, America carried on, not without anger and fear against a group of innocent Americans, Muslim Americans. Nietzsche’s error of imaginary cause is present in the treatment of Muslim Americans since 9/11 through prejudice in the media, disregard of Muslim civil liberties, racial profiling, violence, disrespect, and the lack of truthful public information about†¦show more content†¦By continually representing the Muslim or the Arab as the heartless villain, even cartoon movies contain a biased perspective against the Muslim image in America. All that glitters is not gold, and this is true f or films fresh off the reels of Hollywood, as some contain an unfair perspective of Muslims. Today one does not even have to wait for a movie to be released. Simply click the â€Å"ON† button on a remote and suddenly, thousands of news and television shows are available for one to enjoy. Muslims are also the target of prejudice in these news broadcasts and programs. One such television program released was a drama titled â€Å"24.† Issues and Controversies reports: â€Å"The show, which deals with a counterterrorism unit based in Los Angeles, featured a group of Muslim terrorist characters who were plotting to detonate nuclear weapons in the U.S. At the end of one episode, the terrorists successfully detonated a small bomb in a Los Angeles suburb, killing about 12,000 people† (â€Å"Race and Ethnicity in Entertainment†). This fictional show wrongly spreads the stereotypical image of Muslims and their clichà ©d image of the fundamentalists on 9/11. By add ing the title and image of â€Å"Muslim† to the phrase â€Å"terrorist† the program wrongly advertised that potentially every Muslim could be a terrorist. This stereotypical image is similarly expressed in news broadcasts through the use of terrorism news. By increasingly using terrorism and Muslims in topShow MoreRelatedEssay about Post-9/11 Islamophobia829 Words   |  4 PagesPost-9/11 Islamophobia Islamophobia denotes prejudice against, hatred for, or irrational fear of Muslims. Such fear and hostility leads to discriminations against Muslims, exclusion of Muslims from mainstream political or social process, stereotyping, the presumption of guilt by association, and most frequently, hate crimes. In post 9/11 America, Islamophobia has resulted in the general and unquestioned acceptance that Islam does not share common values with other major faiths, that Islam isRead MoreRacial Profiling And The United States1949 Words   |  8 Pages Racial Profiling Post 9/11 Rusat Ramgopal CRJBS 101 John Jay College Professor Gary Wright August 4, 2016 Racial Profiling Post 9/11 On September 11, 2001, nineteen hijackers associated with the terrorist group Al-Qaeda attacked the United States. They flew two planes into the World Trade Center and also attacked the Pentagon resulting inRead MoreJust Say No Programs And The War On Drugs Laws1375 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernmental racial projects of racial profiling cast new forms of racial control on blacks reminiscent of the days of slavery as the focal point of Regan’s implementation of the â€Å"war on drug laws† centered in poor urban black neighborhoods stripped of jobs, resources, and basic public services. Regan’s enforcing of anti-drug efforts in poor urban black communities led to a form of social control that led to a tripling of the prison population over the past 30 years that reflects enormous racial disparitiesRead MoreRacial Profiling Is A Breach Of Justice1491 Words   |  6 PagesRacial profiling is considered to be a breach of justice in the US. It is the use of someone ’s race or ethnicity by law enforcement in deciding whether or not to stop, search, or arrest an individual. The practice of racial profiling is still very controversial today and is considered illegal in many jurisdictions. It is hard to say whether racial profiling is ethical or not. Profiling based on gender, race, or ethnicity is just the way our minds work; it’s natural. We create ‘profiles’ of howRead MoreThe Profiling Of Muslims At North American Borders1564 Words   |  7 Pages Title: Profiling of Muslims at the North American Borders Akindeji Kehinde 1001374764 Tuesday, November 14th, 2017 SOC209 - LEC0201 Introduction Following the tragic events of 9/11 by Islamic extremist group named Al-Qaeda, produced widespread fear through terrorism and ever since border security in North America has been on high alert (Schwartz 2010). Muslims face the most problems when it comes to immigration because of the ‘war on terror. Even though many of these individualsRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On America1613 Words   |  7 PagesJanuary 2016 Racial Profiling in America Post 9/11, racial profiling exhibited by law enforcement not only to my race but other minorities in America has been unacceptable and can be rectified by establishing better and more efficient security procedures in airports that are not tied to or based upon race. The significance of national security is of great importance as we, members of a civilized society, are in an age where our peace is being threatened. This most directly impacts all Americans, but, specificallyRead MoreRacial Profiling : The National Institute Of Justice Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling in U.S History Selyna Copeland Professor Dora Leal Social Science 180 10 November, 2016 The National Institute of Justice (â€Å"Racial Profiling†) stated that racial profiling, which is a form of discrimination, racism, and stereotypes is when law enforcement, based on a person’s race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion targets a person for suspicion of crimes. Today people can turn on their television, go online, and even listen to their radios and they will hear aboutRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Wrong Or Wrong?1826 Words   |  8 Pages Racial profiling has been a touchy subject for United States citizens. Racial profiling has been around for quite some time in America and it more than often benefits the majority population (white America). More recently, the controversial topic has been brought to light. The debate over Racial Profiling topic is whether or not racial profiling is wrong or right. Multiple opinions from notable sources have been debating over this topic for decades. Some sources give reasons and examples in orderRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Racial Profiling1524 Words   |  7 Pages In our society today, racial discrimination and inequality continues to be an issue. Regardless of the advancements we make in our society in terms of race, discrimination is something that can not simply be erased. The conflict with discrimination is evident when we look at the issue of racial profiling. Racial profiling refers to the treatment of an individual based on their race or ethnicity (Statistics of Racial Profiling 1). It is often a tool being used by law enforcement when deciding toRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society1209 Words   |  5 PagesCases of Racial Profiling There are tons of cases of Racial Profiling. Now a days many people are being targeted or attacked by racial profiling. Laws are being passed but not every police officer is following up with it. And because of this more and more people are becoming irritated with the government system. Just because a particular person from a particular race does something wrong, everyone from that race is being discriminated by so-called other races. Racial profiling is getting

Managing Human Resource Constructive Relations

Question: Discuss about the Managing Human Resource for Constructive Relations. Answer: Introduction: Aim: The aim of this report is to evaluate the perceptive of human resource management in the field of logistic or supply chain business in Australia. Managing human resources in the field of transport business is the challenging tasks because transport workers unions are ready to do strike against governments and companies business policy Structure: The researcher would evaluate the parameters of human resource management in the field of logic business. The transport business in the Australian market is full of competition and market risk which always affect the business in massive scale. Methodology: The case study of trucking company across Australia has been focused on understanding the human resource policy. In order to measure the performance of new yard manager at the workplace as well as a threat of transport workers union would be focused. New yard manager started focusing on implementing human resource management practices at the workplace. New yard manager started establishing communication at the workplace by talking with drivers and union representatives. The new managers have focused on managing human resources at the workplace effectively for the betterment of the organization. The new yard manager started talking with the drivers regarding their issue, delivery, and cost. On the other hand, previous yard manager was autocratic because he always used to blame the driver for any kind of defaults during a distribution of the goods. Arends (2014) mentioned that the new yard managers have changed this system, he started investing after accident or death caused by the truck. After verification and investigation, new yard managers started to take positive decisions for the safety of yard and drivers. However, any kind of illegal and unethical practices by the drivers will be punishable offense according to the mode of new yard managers. In particular, new yard manager motivated the drivers to work with passion and energy. It helps both the parties in the positive direction. Gospel Sako (2010) opined that the communication process became effective at the workplace after arriving at new yard manager. Since the first day at a yard, the new managers began to talk with the drivers. Overall the new yard manager started solving the discrimination and conflict from the workplace for enhancing the credibility and profitability of the organization (Aslan Zaim, 2016). The new manager introduced new computer system for recording the business performance and employee' performance in an effective manner. After few days managers provided new trucks and uniforms to the several experienced drivers. It was the fruitful decision by the manager to enhance the satisfaction of the drivers as well as promote the brand image across the supply chain industry. The new manager changed the previous rule and regulation at the yard; he implemented human resource management for improving the performance of yard and drivers. Implementing information technology at the workplace empowered the efficiency of a yard. The new managers are highly focused on providing safety and better facility to the workforce. His decision making impressed the drivers (Gospel Sako, 2010). Positive atmosphere at the workplace is always a favorable business condition. The new manager introduced new technology, new rules and safety measures for the growth of an organization. The manager review system for checking the performance of drivers while distributing the goods and material. The new yard manager increased the work pressure for maximizing the profitability of the organization. After few years the company managed to grab some huge business contracts. Top trucking companies are able to vary the business across the potential market of Australia with the help and effo rts of new yard manager. The new yard manages empowered the performance of the employee by providing technical and management training. This process helped him to improve the proficiency of the drivers as well as providing safety to the drivers. The new manager implemented human resource management perspective at the workplace which helped him to create the healthy relationship with the drivers and customers. George or yard manager influences the business performance and communication process of the company. Transport union risk may arise at the workplace because a driver can strike for hiking the salary and wages. The new yard manager has formed new rules and guidelines among the truck drivers for maintaining the sustainability and credibility of the trucking company (De Cieri Kramar, 2005). The new yard manager is highly focused on providing safety to the drivers because they are the most pivotal aspect of the company. The new yard manager has removed the inequality and discrimination from the workplace for marinating the feasibility of the business. Management risk can arrive if the new manager leaves the organization. Somehow new yard manager has empowered the human resource management perspective at the workplace since joining (Chang, Gong Shum, 2011). It will massively affect the business and brand image of the coconut if new yard manager will leave the company with certain reasons. More specifically company might face credit risk in the absence of new yard manager. The manager is successful for bringing orders and enhancing the quantity of distributed goods via trucks across a market. The new manager is efficient for building the long-lasting relationship with the customers which helps the company to maintain the credibility in the market. Changing strategy can influence the business performance of the company. Storey (2014) opined that the new manager has changed the rules of supply chain management in the company for providing safety and benefit to the drivers. The company can face the huge challenge regarding controlling the market risk which keeps on changing. Market risk may arise and company would not be able to effectively handle this. The new yard manager has positive experience deals with the business and market risk in an effective manner. It has helped the company to enhance the profitability and credibility across the potential market of Australia (aliÃ…Å ¸kan, 2010). Sustainability of the business may influence the competitive risk because Australian market is full of cut throat competition in the field of supply chain or logistic business. However, international giants like FedEx and DHL has captured the Australian market in recent years massively (Jiang et al. 2012). The international logistics giants have created the huge challenge to the logistic company of Australia. Somehow new yard manager is effective enough to cope with such kind of business risk in an effective manner. Hong et al. (2012) opined that the competitive pressure and market risk affects the business of the logistic company I regular basis. Implementing technological and management perspective in the business can help the company to cope with these challenging issues in an efficient way. In particular sustainability of the business can affect the market risk, business risk, competitive factors, and management risk because it always keeps on changing. Somehow technological risk has reduced the profitability of the company in the recent year. Jiang et al. (2012) opined that the technology keeps on changing every day so as it is necessary to understand and implement the technological terms for gaining the competitive edge over the market. The company should provide enough fund to the new yard manager for implementing technological facility so as the business could be enhanced across the existing supply chain market of Australia. I think blue color union like transport worker unions are less likely to engage in the workforce because of changing government and business policy of transport companies. Transport worker union harms the business of logistics or Supply Chain Company in Australia. The drivers and transport workers keep on doing strike for increasing wages, salary, and flexibility at the workplace (Lengnick-Hall et al. 2014). It affects the business of every business sector in a national and international market at massive scale. However, government intervention is necessary to handle such kind of issue for the economic and business sustainability across the market. Lengnick-Hall, Beck Lengnick-Hall (2011) mentioned that generally in public sector employee keeps on doing strike for changing the business and legislative rule. Nowadays in logistic industry drivers and transport workers are the regular doing strike for changing the workplace rule including, tax rate, deduction of wages and salary. In particular, providing financial assurance is not the proper solution to stop the strike because some leaders of transport worker unions are never satisfied with the facility and services of transport companies across Australia. Buller McEvoy (2012) opined that the government can be the biggest source to remove this threat by taking legal action against a leader of transport workers union. For marinating the economic and social growth it is essential that government should shake hand with a corporate house for removing the challenges of worker strike in the field of logistic business or supply chain business (Aswathappa, 2013). The recent hike in transportation cost has forced the transport companies to reduce the wages of transport workers so as transport worker union ahs stare strike fails decisions of government and their companies (Wang, Chich-Jen Mei-Ling, 2010). Strike creates the huge problem for civilians and business houses. The government should look into this matter si ncerely by taking favorable decisions. Wilton (2016) mentioned that the economic sustainability of the country got affected by the striking of transport workers. Indeed, government and company should also think about increasing the wages and salary of transport workers Transport workers leader should also understand the reason for rising tax in transport services otherwise; it can affect the growth of transport companies, workers and government as well at mass scale. The government needs to cope up with these huge challenges for the sustainability of economy and environment in the regular basis. I would recommend the government to take some serious action to control the damage done by striking for the betterment of business and environment. Overall, it is effective enough to say that raising the tax in transport business may harm the economic development of the country. Becker, Carbo Langella (2010) opined that the most of the transport companies face huge problems after reducing the wages and facility of transport drivers or workers. The transport union is always ready to do strike on behalf of country's transport worker to provide them their deserving right. It slashed the growth of Transport Company and other business industry in the massive scale. However, cooperation with the government and business houses can reduce the challenges of a strike which causes the reduction of profitability in transport business. Recommendations: Provide incentive and safety to the transport workers: The transport company should provide the favorable incentive to the drivers and other transport workers for increasing their satisfaction. This process can help the company to enhance the profitability and credibility across the potential market in Australia. The company needs to provide safety measures to the drivers by implementing technology it can help the company to gain the competitive edge over the competitor. Implement legislative law: The company should implement legislative act for safety and suitability of business. This process can help the company to remove the threat of strike activities by the transport workers union at the workplace. The implementing legislative law would help the company to bring authenticity in the business law which should be followed by the transport worker or drivers. Conclusion: The researcher has evaluated the role of managing human resources in the field of transport business. Managers play essential role in increasing the profitability and credibility of Transport Company by creating a healthy relationship with the transport workers, drivers and customers. Transport workers or drivers are the bases of logistic or supply chain business in the country. Whenever they opt for strike against government's economic policy and company's business policy it hampers the growth of an economy. Transport union leader is the main reasons to hamper the growth of transport business in Australia. Cooperation between lender of transport union and government reduces the chance of strike in the transport field. Reference List: Arends, R. (2014). Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Aslan, E. K., Zaim, H. (2016). Effects of MA Integration Strategies on Organizational Performance: With Human Resource Management View.European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 7(2), 1-20. Aswathappa, K. (2013). Human resource management: Text and cases. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Becker, W. S., Carbo, J. A., Langella, I. M. (2010). Beyond self-interest: integrating social responsibility and supply chain management with human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 9(2), 144-168. Buller, P. F., McEvoy, G. M. (2012). Strategy, human resource management and performance: Sharpening line of sight. Human resource management review, 22(1), 43-56. aliÃ…Å ¸kan, E. N. (2010). The impact of strategic human resource management on organizational performance. Deniz Bilimleri ve MhendisliÄÅ ¸i Dergisi, 6(2), 750-890. Chang, S., Gong, Y., Shum, C. (2011). Promoting innovation in hospitality companies through human resource management practices. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 812-818. De Cieri, H., Kramar, R. (2005). Human resource management in Australia: Strategy, people, performance. McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Limited. Gospel, H., Sako, M. (2010). The unbundling of corporate functions: the evolution of shared services and outsourcing in human resource management. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(5), 1367-1396. Hong, E. N. C., Hao, L. Z., Kumar, R., Ramendran, C., Kadiresan, V. (2012). An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis. International journal of business research and management, 3(2), 60-79. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Han, K., Hong, Y., Kim, A., Winkler, A. L. (2012). Clarifying the construct of human resource systems: Relating human resource management to employee performance. Human Resource Management Review, 22(2), 73-85. Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Beck, T. E., Lengnick-Hall, M. L. (2011). Developing a capacity for organizational resilience through strategic human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 21(3), 243-255. Lengnick-Hall, M. L., Lengnick-Hall, C. A., Rigsbee, C. M. (2013). Strategic human resource management and supply chain orientation. Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), 366-377. Storey, J. (2014). New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals). Routledge. Wang, F. J., Chich-Jen, S., Mei-Ling, T. (2010). Effect of leadership style on organizational performance as viewed from human resource management strategy. African Journal of Business Management, 4(18), 3924. Wilton, N. (2016). An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Project Time Management Schedule

Question: What is the importance of Project Time Management for Scheduling the Project through PERT CPM? Answer: Introduction Project time management is very much important for scheduling the all the activities related with the project. It is more difficult job for project manager to manage a large scale based project which needs coordination of numerous activities. It is known that the management of project involves the activities of planning, co-ordination, monitoring control and review of the performance of number of inter-related tasks with limited resources. Apart from studying the inter-relations, the project manger has to know the consequences of deviations from the initial plan in order to take appropriate corrective measures on the effect of delay in one task on the other tasks. Project manager are compelled to look for dependable dynamic planning, scheduling, control and monitoring devices. Network techniques are primarily used in project management, particularly in dealing with non-repetitive operations. Network techniques are nothing now, as most managers have been using such techniques in one form or the other in project management by calling them, commonsense which is uncommon (Trietsch Baker, 2012). Most managers face enormous increase in the complexity of their work, and face problems of uncertainty while tackling futuristic situations. The network specifically deals with these situations. Network techniques provide the help a manger needs, when he is defining the complex relationship that exists in sequencing and time between many jobs and planned elements of work. Thereafter, during the execution of the project, the inevitable slippages from planned schedule occur. Network analysis enables the project manager to determine the importance of these deviations by taking the most cost-effective measures after adequate monitoring, evaluation and control (Oberlender, 2014). This study contains the importance and all the aspects of PERT/CPM for the time management of the project. Research Questions Research questions are considered to be useful in understanding the topic of the research in a much easy and well manner. The research question focus on the area of analysis which can help to gain the relevant and useful information according to the topic selected. The research questions for the current study are as follows: What are the importance of PERT/CPM for scheduling the project? What time is needed to complete the entire activities of the project? What are the starts and end times or each activity? Which critical activities needed to complete according to the schedule to meet the estimated time for the completion of project? Which critical path is best for the completion of all activities with minimum cost? Relevance Value The advancing technological revolution of space age has brought an explosive growth of a new of planning and controlling techniques (Young, 2010). Much of the development work has done in defence sector, but construction, chemical and other industries have also played a crucial role. These techniques are network based planning and control procedures and known as PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). PERT The requisites of PERT are important if the system is to be used effectively in Project Management. The project goal needs to be clearly and unambiguously identified; all the individual tasks in a given program need to be visualized in a logical manner, creating a work-break structure (Dinsmore Cabanis-Brewin, 2011). These are put in a network flow diagram, which is comprised of events and activities; the duration of an activity, except in a time-scale network, is not presented by the length of the line. An activity succeeding an event cannot occur until all activities leading to all it is accomplished (Bielefeld, 2009). Image 1 All activity paths need to be completed by appropriate events, and a description of each activity needs to be written above the arrow linking the events. Emphasis is laid on defining events and activities with precision so there is no difficulty in monitoring actual accomplishment (Ju Xie, 2009). Events and activities need to be sequenced in the network under a logical set of ground rules which allow the determination of the critical paths, and all constraints, and interdependencies need to be clearly shown in the diagram (Ash Pittman, 2008). The numbering of events can be forward or backward, depending upon whether the network diagram begins from the starting point or the ending point. Image 2 Steps of PERT PERT network analysis consists of following steps: Clearly defining the goal of the project. Obtaining a work-break structure to set a individual jobs, and arranging them in a logical fashion Estimating the job duration, making provisions for optimistic and pessimistic schedules. Identifying the resource requirement constraints Locating the schedule of dates for each activity by planning a detailed control structure Preparing project control systems, and identifying the requirements of progress reports for different levels of management Developing the critical path and slack times Crashing the time-optimum cost levels on the basis of costs Updating the network continuously by systematized methods Monitoring, evaluating and reviewing the network continuously. Image 3 Benefit of PERT PERT gives management ability to plan the best possible use of resources to achieve a given goal within the overall time and cost limitations. It enables the project executives to manage the a variety of programs, as opposed to repetitive production system; it helps the project manager to handle the uncertainties involved in programming where no standard time data are available; it utilizes the time network analysis as a base method of approach to determine the manpower, material, machinery and capital requirements (Onofri Spagnuolo, 2014). PERT is an effective mechanism for planning, scheduling and coordinating the different activities in project buying. PERT enables the optimum utilization of the resources by their transfer from the slack to busy segments in the network in order to accomplish the stipulated goal. It is useful for pre-crisis planning and buying when the force majeur clauses are operative because the responsibilities to project executives are allocated well in advance to tackle such emergencies (Kim, Kim Dong, 2014). PERT is one of the most important techniques of scientific management in project planning with the minimum possible scheduling time and use of resources. Inefficiencies in personal loading can be removed by the proper use of slack activities; lead can be analyzed, thus expediting the work schedules (Dolabi, Afshar Abbasnia, 2014). PERT network reveals the interdependencies and problem areas which are not obvious or not well defined by the conventional methods. On the basis of three time estimates, the PERT network caters to the intricacies of uncertainties that confront the decision-makers. Construction of PERT The construction of PERT involves the identification of activities connecting to the necessary events of the system in a sequence which culminates in the completion of a project. The PERT network is flow plan consisting of the activities and events that must be completed to reach the goal of the program together with their interdependencies and inter-relations (Baradaran, Ghomi, Mobini Hashemin, 2010). It shows, orderly, step by step, series of activities carried out in a logical sequence to reach the goal. The events from the foundation for describing the activities included in them events describe the beginning or the completion of one or more activities. The activities are the channels of flow of the network and the manager can control this flow of material, investment, expenses, human efforts, time spent, etc to achieve the final project goal (Sears, Sears Clough, 2010). Image 4 Critical Path and Management Decision It is evident that delay in any of the activities on the critical path will delay the entire project. However, the activities for which positive slack time is available can be performed at a slower pace, thereby releasing the some of the resources for use in critical activities, provided the all activities are interchangeable (Kerzner, 2009). If the total duration of the project is to be reduced for some reason, the activities to be considered will be the ones on the critical path. The activities falling on the next longest path trace the subcritical path. The most economic time with minimum cost is the only resource under consideration. Ensuring earliest project completion often means conscious and deliberate acceptance of inconvenience, higher cost and deviations from the established practices (Adegoke, 2011). The project management environment is never static and undergoes rapid changes. All efforts at planning, budgeting, scheduling and forecasting are directed at anticipating future outcomes based on the decision taken today. Since the future seldom turns out to be what was expected, there is a constant and urgent need to assess the projections and correct the commitment of resources. Management of costs in a project tries to achieve this objective by the deviations and providing the mid-course correction. Methodology Methodology contains the detail research techniques to analyze the importance of PERT and CPM for scheduling the project. For this current research study application of the deductive approach is literally intrinsic which let the researcher perform the study more intrinsically. Evaluation of the information and the data collected in account of the primary research work, deductive research approach seems to be essentially bold (Al-Begain, Fiems Knottenbelt, 2010). Application of descriptive design is literally helpful for this research particular research work. Application of both qualitative and quantitative approach of this research work is essential for this research work. Research design helps in explaining the framework of the research topic that will help in selection of the collection and analysis pattern. During the process of data collection, a particular kind of approach is applied that helps in better description of the research design. Kinds of research design used in academic research pattern are exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. For this particular research work the researcher is going to seek for the necessary attributes from the different parts. At the same time the researcher does not. The extent of influence imparted by PERT and CPM for scheduling the project is rightly scrutinized with the help of descriptive design with selection of descriptive design(Rose, 2009). There are two kinds of data: Primary Data and Secondary Data. Primary data are collected directly from the respondents, which indicate that the study is more valid and reliable. In case of secondary sources, data are used as widening the concept of research topic that also enables better study of the topic as it involves more data and description (Munier, Jimenez-Saez Fernandez-Diego, 2013). Here, the data is collected from secondary source. The data collected via secondary sources. Secondary source includes both the online and offline sources like journals, articles, books, websites, blogs and others. Excel package is used for the calculation and represent the data properly. Traditional method of PERT is used for network drawing. Slack of the activities is calculated to find out the critical path. The three times are estimated such optimistic, most likely and pessimistic. The expected time is calculated on the basis of these three times by using the normal formula. Expected Results PERT and CPM analysis for taking decision of make or buy in project purchasing Activities Preceding Event Succeeding Event Activity Times (Week) Event Times (Week) Slack (Week) i j to tm tp te TE TL a Obtain detailed specifications and prepare Engineering Drawings 1 2 2 7.5 16 8 8 8 - b Preparing purchasing specification and send enquiries for subassembly 2 4 2 4 12 5 13 13 - c Same 2 5 2 4 6 4 12 12 - d Compute manufacturing costs for subassembly 2 3 1 3.5 9 4 12 14 2 e Same 2 6 1 2.5 6.5 3 11 14 3 f Get quotation for subassembly 4 7 4 5.5 10 6 19 21 2 g Same 5 8 4 8 12 8 20 20 - h Review and approval of costs for sub assembly 3 7 1 5 9 5 19 21 2 i Same 6 8 3 6 9 6 20 20 - j Evaluation of quotations for subassembly 7 9 1.5 3 4.5 3 22 24 2 k Same 8 9 1 4 7 4 24 24 - l Make or Buy Decision 9 10 1 2 3 2 26 26 - Image 5 There are three time estimates for each activity: optimistic (to), most likely (tm) and pessimistic (tp). The expected time (te) is calculated from those time estimates. It is calculated by using following formula: te = [(to+ 4tm + tp)/6] After the network is constructed and the critical path is determined, based on the mean time estimate for each activity, variance plays an important role (Saxena, 2011). It may be recollected that the total duration of the project is the sum of the performance times of the activities in the critical path. The expected elapsed time is required to perform each activity in the network based on the normal working condition, number of hours, shifts, etc. After determining of the expected elapsed times, these time estimates are cumulated from start through the completion of various paths. It is convenient to keep T(E) of the start event zero so that it can be scaled to any date. The earliest completion time under normal condition is the commission of the project in 26 days. In computing the latest allowable time T(L), one works backward from the completion of time for each event, and this is obtained by subtracting the expected elapsed time estimate from the final goal and moving backwards through the various paths. If the project has to be completed in 26 days, T(E) and T(L) will coincide at event 10. Thus the chart is analyzed by adding the estimated times each of many paths from the beginning to the end of the job. In forward pass for converging activities in junctions, the largest value of T(E) is taken; while in backward pass in the reverse direction, for converging values, the smallest value of T(L) is taken. Thus, for every event there are two values T(E) and T(L). T(E) is the result of forward pass, and T(L) is the result of backward pass. Wherever, these two values coincide, the commencement of that activity cannot be postponed without introducing delay in the completion of the project. This value is called slack. This positive difference gives the margin of time by which the commencement of an activity can be deliberately delayed without dislocating the total duration of the project (Baker Trietsch, 2009). The events with zero slack are identified as critical events, and the path that passes through the critical events is the critical path. The critical path activities together make up one or more continuous paths from the initial to the terminal event. Such a path is termed as critical path. The total slack of any non-critical activity measures the total time by which the activity can be delayed, without affecting the earliest start time of any of the critical activities in the network (Vanhoucke, 2012). The free slack help in measuring the amount of time by an activity can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of any other activity in the network. The activities that fall on the events of zero slack, trace the critical path. In this project, the critical path is the one along the activities 1, 2, 5, 8, 9 and 10. It implies that each activity in the path is critical, for a delay in any of the events in this path will cause the entire project to fall behind schedule and, thus, defeat the purpose unless additional resources and personnel are available. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that time management is required to complete the project properly covering all the activities. PERT CPM technique is very useful technique to analyze and to schedule the all the activities in the project. Reference List Al-Begain, K., Fiems, D., Knottenbelt, W. (2010). Analytical and stochastic modeling techniques and applications. Berlin: Springer. Ash, R., Pittman, P. (2008). Towards holistic project scheduling using critical chain methodology enhanced with PERT buffering. IJPOM, 1(2), 185. doi:10.1504/ijpom.2008.022191 Baker, K., Trietsch, D. (2009). Principles of sequencing and scheduling. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley. Baradaran, S., Fatemi Ghomi, S., Mobini, M., Hashemin, S. (2010). A hybrid scatter search approach for resource-constrained project scheduling problem in PERT-type networks. Advances In Engineering Software, 41(7-8), 966-975. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2010.05.010 Bielefeld, B. (2009). Construction scheduling. Basel: Birkhauser. Dinsmore, P., Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2011). The AMA handbook of project management. New York: American Management Association. Ju, C., Xie, Y. (2009). An Extended CPM for Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling. AMR, 69-70, 695-699. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.695 Kerzner, H. (2009). Project management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kim, B., Kim, J., Dong, J. (2014). Application of PERT/CPM in dental practice. J Korean Acad Prosthodont, 52(3), 186. doi:10.4047/jkap.2014.52.3.186 Munier, N., Jime nez-Sa ez, F., Ferna ndez-Diego, M. (2013). Project management for environmental, construction and manufacturing engineers. Dordrecht: Springer. Oberlender, G. (2014). Project management for engineering and construction. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Education LLC. Onofri, S., Spagnuolo, C. (2014). Project Time Management: gestione per fasi e timeboxing. Project Manager (IL), (17), 43-46. doi:10.3280/pm2014-017011 Rose, K. (2009). Researching the value of project management. Project Management Journal, 40(1), 139-139. doi:10.1002/pmj.20105 Saxena, P. (2011). Modeling and simulation. Oxford, U.K.: Alpha Science International Ltd. Sears, S., Sears, G., Clough, R. (2010). Construction Project Management. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Sule Adegoke, A. (2011). Measuring Process Effectiveness Using Cpm/Pert. IJBM, 6(6). doi:10.5539/ijbm.v6n6p286 Trietsch, D., Baker, K. (2012). PERT 21: Fitting PERT/CPM for use in the 21st century. International Journal Of Project Management, 30(4), 490-502. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2011.09.004 Vanhoucke, M. (2012). Project management with dynamic scheduling. Berlin: Springer. Young, T. (2010). Successful project management. London: Kogan Page. Zolfaghar Dolabi, H., Afshar, A., Abbasnia, R. (2014). CPM/LOB Scheduling Method for Project Deadline Constraint Satisfaction. Automation In Construction, 48, 107-118. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2014.09.003